中考英语语法考点08短语动词

  中考英语 更新：2007-5-13 阅读：  

中考英语语法考点08短语动词

上期节目回顾：[节目]中考英语语法考点07 虚拟语气

上期节目答案：1-5 CCADC　6-10 ABADA

本期节目内容：

I． 要点

　　英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

　（1） 动词＋介词
　常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
　Don't laugh at others.
　I didn't care about it.

　（2） 动词＋副词
　常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.  Please don't forget to hand it in.

　（3） 动词＋副词＋介词
　常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
　All his money added up to no more than $100.
　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

　（4） 动词＋名词＋介词
　常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.　We should make full use of our time.

　（5） 动词＋形容词
　常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
　The prisoners were set free.
　He cut it open.

　（6） 动词＋名词
　常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
　This story took place three years ago.
　I make friends with a lot of people.

　（7）辨析
　give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up（放弃，停止）
　put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （扑灭）
　turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打开）
　keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不让靠近）
　make up（编造，补上） 和 make out（辨认）
　take off（脱，起飞） 和 take out（拿出）

II． 例题

　例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
　解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存"；keep up意为"继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。

   例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
　 A touch  B relation  C connection  D friendship
　解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。

   例3 ____! There's a train coming.
　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
　解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。

随堂练习：

( ) 1. We don't know the word. Let's ___ in the dictionary.
A. look it B. look at C. look up it D. look it up

( ) 2 Please____ before you cross the road.
A. look up B. look yourself C. look around D. look again

( ) 3 Smith took the dictionary, ____ it and then____ it on to Philip.
A. looked at; passed B. put away; tried
C. looked up; spent D. paid for; put

( ) 4 -What are you ___?
-My key.
A. look for B. finding C. look after D. looking for

( ) 5 Could you please ___ my cat while I'm out?
A. look for B. look out C. look after D. look at

( ) 6. -Do you know Mr Brown?
-No, but I ___ him before.
A. often heard of B. have known C. have heard of D. often listen to

( ) 7 Tom is listening to the teacher. But he can't ____ him.
A. listen B. listening to C. hear D. heard

( ) 8 I haven't___ my good friend, John for years.
A. hear of B. hear C. hear from D. heard from

( ) 9 He ____ and____ a sound in the next room.
A. listened to; heard B. listened; heard
C. heard; listened to D. heard; listened. 

( ) 10 Next week we'll have a meeting____.
A. to take part in B. to join C. to attend D. attending