CET4写作指导

  英语写作指导 更新：2007-2-8 阅读：  

CET4写作指导

easures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons

.

　　2． 结论段的写作

　　结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。

　　常见的方式有：

　　1） 重述或总结主题

　　重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。

　　Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life.

　　2） 提出建议

　　Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards.

　　3） 概括总结

　　As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city.

　　4） 引用名人名言

　　In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said 'Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.'

　　5)综合法

　　与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。

　　尾段示例1：

　　如'网络'的结论段可以如下所示：

　　10） As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet.

　　Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet.

　　11） So I think schoolchildren not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it They are sure to benefit a lot from the internet.

　　12） Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet.

　　13） In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for children's growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible.

　　3．转承语的使用

　　根据不同的段落要求，选择适当的转承语

　　1) 比较对照

　　比较：like A, B …

　　Just as A, B …

　　A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B …

　　对照： Unlike/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B …

　　A , however/on the other hand/in contrast, B ……

　　A …, B, however/on the other hand/in contrast, …

　　2)列举

　　First/ Second (Next) / Third (Then)/ Last (Finally), …

　　The fist/ The second/ The third/ The last (The final)

　　Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally)

　　One/Another/Still another/The last

　　The most essential/most important/primary/chief is …

　　3) 因果

　　as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that

　　4 起承转合常用语

　　1）'起'的常用语

　　When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with …, some people claim/think/argue/believe that …, but/while others …(differently)

　　Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to ….

　　With the development/improvement/growth of …,

　　Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that …,

　　According to a recent survey/investigation/poll, …

　　Have you ever thought/wondered …?

　　Suppose …

　　As the saying goes, …

　　2) '承'的常用语

　　Those who hold ….

　　It is true that …

　　To be sure ……

　　First/Firstly …

　　The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential ….

　　'承接上文'的方式与文章的段落结构有关，比较的与列举的不同，与举例的也不

　　同。同学们应根据具体的情况选择适当的承接语。

　　3）'转'的常用语

　　It sounds like a good(attractive) idea (suggestion), but they fail to understand (see, notice

　　There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact …

　　Closer examination (analysis), however, suggests (shows) that this argument (claim, idea) may not be borne of (supported) by the following evidence (facts, examples, statistics).

　　Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy (不足信的，不严密)(fallacious（靠不住的）, groundless（没有根据的）) they are.

　　However logical (sound, forcible(有说服力)) these arguments may be, they don't make sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when … is viewed the other way (taken into consideration).

　　As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (commonly, generally) held idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view).

　　Good/Superior/Wonderful as …., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems.

　　They may be right about …, but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account …

　　In all the discussion and debate over …, one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected.

　　It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn't follow/doesn't mean that …

　　There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor …

　　In many cases, however, …

　　As far as …… is concerned, …

　　4) '合'的常用语

　　Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that …

　　From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely 　　draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that…

　　In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude ….

　　It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful actions/measure/remedies should be taken to …

　　三、四六级作文的谋篇布局

　　谋篇布局(1)

　　- 将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句

　　- 将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句

　　- 将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落

　　- 结论段归纳概括，提出建议。

　　例证

　　标题：City Life and Suburban Life

　　提纲：1) 最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住

　　2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特点

　　3） 比较起来，我喜欢的是……

　　In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.

　　It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life. But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings —— the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city.

　　The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.

　　谋篇布局（2）

　　- 根据话题加引段，于段尾提出自己的观点（也就是提示中的第三句要求内容）

　　- 将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章的中心段落

　　- 根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，提出方法等。

　　例证

　　标题： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs

　　提纲：1）有人认为大学生做兼职工作很有好处；

　　2）然而，有人认为大学生做兼职工作弊多利少；

　　3）我的看法

　　Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on that.

　　Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.

　　Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society.

　　However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce

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